![]() On the contrary, precise processing technologies for organic crystals have hardly been developed. ![]() Hence, crystal growth techniques for organic NLO crystals have been advancing steadily. The internal crystal quality for organic DAST crystals can also be remedied by employing an annealing aftertreatment 18. ![]() For example, large size DAST and BNA single crystals, i.e., exceeding 1000 mm 3 volume, have been successfully grown by optimizing the kind of solvents or concentration in the crystal-growing solution 16, 17. Recently, however, techniques for growing high-quality, large-size organic NLO single crystals have been improved. To expand the use of organic NLO crystals in various fields of photonic technology, where inorganic crystals are exclusively used, the challenges in high-quality crystal growth and precise processing for bulk organic crystals must be addressed. Organic NLO crystals, such as 4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium-tosylate (DAST) 1, 2, N-benzyl-2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (BNA) 3, 4, 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4-N-methylstilbazolium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfo-nate (DSTMS) 5, 6, 2-(3-(4-hydroxystyryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene)malononitrile (OH1) 7, 8, and 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)-1-methylquinolinium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate (HMQ-TMS) 9, 10 have studied for mainly THz-wave generations and detections using second-order NLO effects 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 however, their applications are still quite limited. Therefore, research and development of organic NLO materials has been becoming more and more important to establish future society. Gigantic nonlinearity, ultra-fast response due to π-electrons, low refractive index and its wavelength-dispersion in organic NLO materials can give breakthrough in these devices. Organic NLO materials can be particularly expected to support these devices in next-generation highly-advanced information society, where further improvements in speed of signal-processing, frequency-bandwidth, power consumption, compactness of devices are strongly required. ![]() ![]() Nonlinear optical (NLO) effects in materials have been widely utilized for optical signal-processing devices in information-telecommunication system. ![]()
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